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In this section, we are discussing some assigned tasks. These are:

CMI 513 Task 1: Understand the role of projects in delivering organisational strategy.

Projects will play an important role in achieving organisational strategy. Thus, below is an analysis of how projects deliver organisational strategy.

AC 1.1 Analyse the role of projects in delivering organisational strategy.

 Projects are fundamental components of every organisation’s strategy because through them one can achieve some specific goals within some specific timeframe. A project that would work will first consider the resources and skills of the organisation and the outer environment in which it will operate. It will also ensure that it aligns with an overall business strategy.

By definition, projects are temporary with defined objectives to be achieved, timed and preferably within the set time frame. On the other hand, an organisation’s strategy can be termed a long-term plan that enables an organisation to achieve its vision and mission. Despite their natures, projects must support and deliver the organisational strategy.

It is in this way that organisations can ensure projects are aligned with strategy and actually contribute to the desired impact.

CMI 513 Task 2: Understanding processes for initiating, planning, and managing projects.

Processes for initiating, planning, and managing projects should be understood.

AC 2.1 Analysing the process for initiating projects

In initiating a project, one follows several steps.

1. Identify the need for a project. This can be done through various means, such as gaps in current services, changes in customer demands, new regulatory requirements, and so forth.
2. Define the objectives of the project. The objectives must be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
3. After setting the objectives, it will then be essential to identify resources that will be needed to help execute the project. These can be human, financial, and material.
4. After the identification of resources comes the final stage, which is making a project plan. It should detail all the moves the project would take to complete effectively.
5. Finally, there is the need to seek project approval with relevant stakeholders. Following this, after approval, a project may be put on record as officially initiated. 

AC 2.2 Analyse legal, organisational, and ethical influences on projects.

Several legal, organisational, and ethical factors influence projects.

• One legal factor may be the need to acquire permits or licenses. A project will depend on what kind of project; this may mean one or more permits or licences to start the project.
• The existence of contracts is another legal factor that may affect the project. In case there already exist contracts, it must ensure that the project does not infringe any of its terms contained therein.

One organisational factor that a project can be exposed to is the requirement to seek approval from a higher management level. In most organisations, a project has to get approval from management before it can continue onward.

One of the ethical factors that can influence a project is the code of conduct. Most firms have codes of conduct that demand that every employee respect them. These codes of conduct may vary in how they affect the activities of carrying out a project.

AC 2.3: Discuss tools and techniques used in planning and managing projects within different contexts.

1.  Many tools and techniques can be applied in planning as well as project management.
2. A project charter is one of the tools used when planning a project. A project charter defines the purpose as well as the scope of a project and its objectives. The charter gives an overview of what roles and responsibilities come into the hands of members working on a project.
3. One of the planning tools most considered useful is a project schedule. It simply outlines the timeline of the project and lists out the milestones that need to be achieved.
4. A project management plan is one of the tools applied during project management. A project management plan essentially represents a paper, which indicates in detail how all the things are to be executed to make a project happen.
5. Another tool used in managing a project is a risk management plan. A risk management plan is a document that identifies potential risks that may affect the project and explains steps that would be taken to minimise the risks.
6. Among them, project report is one tool which can be used for the monitoring and control of a project. Information derived from this source, therefore, becomes the basis of knowing how well a project is doing by identifying problems that have cropped up in the process of its operation.

AC 2.4 Analysing techniques for working in collaboration with stakeholders towards achieving project aims.

• First of all, each stakeholder should be defined with their roles and responsibilities. That would give an idea of what is to be expected from everyone involved in the project.
• Secondly, ensure that there is open communication between everyone involved since the inception of the project. Ensure that every person with whom the data is being shared or has updates on the progress of the project can voice in when that point arises.
• In addition, identify each stakeholder’s area of expertise to engage in relevant decision-making. As the team taps into the diverse knowledge and skills of each stakeholder, they will make better decisions towards success.
• Finally, it is generally helpful to establish a steering committee or comparable group composed of members from each of the stakeholder groups. This allows all interested parties to share openly in discussion and permits communication among all those who are playing a role in the project.

These practices can be used to establish sound relationships with the stakeholders and enable the needs of all to be met.

AC 2.5 Evaluate the methods of monitoring the progress of the project.

Hence, while monitoring how a project is performing, one needs basic methods that are crystal clear and do not change at any one given time. This will help in the fast identification of problems and rectifying them in good time so that it does not lose its required direction. Several methods can be used to monitor the progress of a project, and what applies to one particular project may not apply to another, depending on the requirements of the project.

However, there are general techniques applied using milestone setting, tracking deliverables, and conducting regular status meetings. Combine these methods to get an idea of how a project is going or where potential problems may arise.

AC 2.6: Outline reporting of project results.

Once the work on a project is complete, it is important to collate a report that summarises the project’s results. It assists in creating closure among all stakeholders and indicates that value was created from this project. There are many alternative approaches used in reporting project results. The best approach will depend upon the nature of the project.

Some of the common methods include creating a project portfolio, post-project review, and presentation of results to stakeholders. It is feasible to combine a number of these techniques to produce a comprehensive report that covers aspects of the project.

AC 2.7 Analyse methods to close a project.

Once a project is complete, the closure should be designed well and in as few words as possible. An overall assessment of the project and remaining tasks that will be done before project closure should be included. Even so, the closure plan should indicate areas that are still in need of improvement. All the activities done would ensure bringing the project to successful closure and positive lessons learned that can be applied in future projects.

CMI 513 Task 3: Understand the factors that contribute to effective project management

It is of extreme importance to understand the factors that contribute to effective project management to ensure success in a project.

Ac 3.1 Discuss methods of managing data and information in a project environment.

Data and information management, in any project environment, forms a fundamental part of the project’s success. There are myriad methods that one can use for data and information management, and the choice will depend on the specific project. Among these, common methods include document management, change management, and risk management.

 Document management is the control and organisation of project documents to easily make them accessible to all members working on that project.

Change management is the control and management of changes in a project so that potential problems may not arise.

Risk management is identifying and analysing possible risks associated with a project to create strategies that would reduce the impacts of such risks. 

Using these or other similar methods, a project manager can effectively manage data and information regarding the project.

AC 3.2 Analyse the application of problem-solving and decision-making skills in project management.

 A project manager will be often asked to employ techniques for problem-solving and making decisions concerning the matters arising. However, several methods of problem-solving and making decisions are available; nevertheless, which one to use is strictly situational. There is brainstorming, root cause analysis, fishbone analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and SWOT analysis among the examples.

Brainstorming: A process whereby ideas are developed with a group of people for determining a solution to an existing problem.

Root Cause Analysis: These are identifying the underlying causes of a problem in order to come up with a solution for the problem.

Fishbone Analysis: Fishbone analysis includes diagramming a problem to identify all possible causes.

Cost-benefit analysis is the process of determining which option is better based on the costs against the benefits and making the best decision.

SWOT analysis identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of any given situation with a view to making the best choice.

Utilizing these or other techniques, for example, project managers can solve problems and make beneficial decisions effectively.

AC 3.3 Consider approaches for identifying, managing, and mitigating project risks.

 It refers to identifying, assessing, and mitigating the risks associated with a project. There are several approaches used in project risk management, and the best one depends on the nature of the project. Among the common approaches are the identification of the risks, assessment, mitigation, and monitoring.

It is concerned with the identification of all risks associated with a project. The project’s risk impact is assessed in risk assessment. Risk mitigation is developing strategies for reducing those risks. Risk monitoring involves monitoring the state of the project and ensuring that the risks are being effectively managed. Project managers can achieve this through these or similar approaches.